Machining Toolbox

Threads, ANSI fits, drill sizes, tap drills, tapers, speeds & feeds, and shop geometry in one offline file.

Single-file HTML • Works offline • Imperial + metric helpers

Unified Thread Calculator

Choose a common UNC/UNF/UNS size or enter custom major diameter and TPI.

Thread formulas used

Pitch = 1 / TPI Basic pitch diameter ≈ Major D − 0.649519 × Pitch Basic external minor diameter ≈ Major D − 1.226869 × Pitch Approx. 75% tap drill ≈ Major D − Pitch

Basic geometry does not include thread class allowance/tolerance. For inspection limits, use the applicable ANSI/ASME table or Machinery's Handbook.

When a preset has a Starrett tap-drill value, this toolbox shows that chart value separately from the quick formula.

ANSI B4.1 / NIMS Fits Calculator

Exam-style fit lookup: enter a known shaft or hole size, choose the ANSI fit class, and calculate the required mating-part range from the standard clearance/interference limits.

ANSI B4.1 fit values are tabulated in thousandths of an inch. RC values are clearance; LN/FN values are interference; LT values are signed fit values where positive means clearance and negative means interference.

Fit Families

RC Running & sliding clearance fits. RC1 is tightest; RC9 is loosest.

LT Locational transition fits. Depending on actual sizes, the assembly can have slight clearance or slight interference.

LN Locational interference fits for accurate, rigid location.

FN Force & shrink fits. FN1 is light drive; FN5 is the heaviest class included.

LC locational-clearance classes are not embedded in this version. Use Machinery's Handbook / ANSI B4.1 for LC specifications.

How the exam-style calculation works

Clearance fit: Hole = Shaft + clearance Interference fit: Hole = Shaft − interference Transition fit: Hole = Shaft + signed fit Example FN2, shaft = 1.625 in: interference = 0.0008 to 0.0024 in hole = 1.625 − 0.0024 to 1.625 − 0.0008 hole = 1.6226 to 1.6242 in

This tool solves the common NIMS/Machinery's Handbook question style using a known finished shaft or hole dimension. For production drawings that specify independent basic-size hole and shaft tolerance zones, verify the complete ANSI B4.1 table.

Find the Closest Drill Size

Enter a target diameter and compare common fractional, number, and letter drills.

Drill Size Lookup

Fractional list uses 1/64-inch increments. Number and letter values match standard decimal equivalents represented on the Starrett decimal-equivalent card.

Nearby drill sizes

SizeTypeDecimal (in)Metric (mm)Difference

Taper from Diameters + Length

For a conical taper: enter large diameter, small diameter, and taper length.

Solve a Missing Dimension from TPF

Enter TPF and any two of D, d, and L; leave the dimension you want to solve blank.

Angle ↔ Taper per Foot

Taper formulas

TPI = (D − d) / L TPF = 12 × TPI Half-angle = atan(TPI / 2) Included angle = 2 × half-angle TPF from half-angle = 24 × tan(angle)

The “half-angle” is the angle between the centerline and one tapered side—the angle commonly used when setting a lathe compound for a straight taper.

Material + Tool Speed Guide

Choose the work material and cutting-tool material. The toolbox gives a practical starting SFM range, uses the midpoint as a starting value, and calculates RPM from your diameter.

Use the lower end of the range for a less rigid setup, harder material, interrupted cut, deeper cut, or when tool life matters more than production rate. Manufacturer data should override this general guide.

RPM from SFM

RPM = (SFM × 12) / (π × Diameter) Quick shop formula ≈ (SFM × 3.82) / Diameter

SFM from RPM

SFM = (π × Diameter × RPM) / 12

Turning / Drilling Feed

Use feed per revolution (IPR).

IPM = RPM × IPR

Milling Feed Rate

Use chip load per tooth and number of teeth/flutes.

IPM = RPM × chip load × number of teeth

General Starting SFM Reference

Broad shop-planning ranges for common materials. These are deliberately general so they are useful for study and first-pass calculations rather than a substitute for a specific insert/end-mill/drill data sheet.

MaterialHSS SFMCarbide SFM

Speeds and feeds are planning values. Actual cutting data depends on material grade and hardness, tool coating and geometry, operation, coolant, machine rigidity, depth/width of cut, and tool manufacturer recommendations. Carbide values vary especially widely by grade and coating.

Largest Square from Round Stock

For a square machined concentrically from round stock, the square's diagonal equals the original round diameter.

Square side = Diameter / √2 = Diameter × 0.70710678

Required Round Size for a Desired Square

Required diameter = Square side × √2
D = square diagonal

Fast NIMS / Shop Math

RPM SFM × 3.82 ÷ diameter

SFM π × diameter × RPM ÷ 12

IPM RPM × IPR

Mill IPM RPM × chip load × teeth

TPI taper (big D − small d) ÷ length

TPF TPI taper × 12

Round → square D × 0.7071

Clearance fit hole = shaft + clearance

Interference fit hole = shaft − interference

Unit Conversions

1 inch = 25.4 mm

Reference Sources

These links are references for the formulas and chart data used in this toolbox. The calculator itself does not need internet access.

Omni Calculator — Taper Calculator

Kennametal — Speeds and Feeds Calculator

LittleMachineShop — Cutting Speed Reference by Operation & Material

WorkshopCalc — General HSS/Carbide Starting Ranges

Engineers Edge — Screw Thread Chart

ANSI B4.1 Shaft Fit Tables — RC / LT / LN / FN lookup data

Drill decimal and tap-drill lookup values: L.S. Starrett Decimal Equivalents, Bulletin 1317.